A previous COST Action (716) established and to some degree matured GNSSmeteorololgy in Western Europe, but its establishment across the whole of Europe was only achieved by GNSS4SWEC. As stated in the GNSS4SWEC Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), the main objective of the Action is to ‘enhance existing and develop new, ground-based multi-Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) tropospheric products, assess their usefulness in severe weather forecasting and climate monitoring, and improve GNSS accuracy through enhanced atmospheric modelling’. The Action was initially suggested in mid-2011 during informal discussions at the third International Colloquium on Scientific and Fundamental Aspects of the Galileo Program, Copenhagen, and formally began at the kick-off meeting in Brussels, May 2013. It is well-suited for graduate students in the fields of geodesy and meteorology but also for a broader audience concerned with environmental remote sensing. This book presents the state of the art of atmospheric remote sensing using GNSS signal delays in Europe, conducted within COST Action ES1206 ‘Advanced Global Navigation Satellite Systems Tropospheric Products for Monitoring Severe Weather Events and Climate’ (GNSS4SWEC, 2013–2017).
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The registered company address is: GewerbestraCham, Switzerland This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Cover illustration: GNSS severe weather schematic, Sofia, Bulgaria, March 2018, Courtesy of Dr Tzvetan Simeonov, Sofia University. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication.
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in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. ISBN 978-0-1 ISBN 978-1-8 (eBook) © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. This boosts their research, career and innovation.
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Our Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and enable scientists to grow their ideas by sharing them with their peers. COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is a funding agency for research and innovation networks. This publication is based upon work from COST Action ES1206: Advanced Global Navigation Satellite Systems tropospheric products for monitoring severe weather events and climate, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). Kliment Ohridski” Sofia, Bulgaria Galina Dick GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences Helmholtz Centre Potsdam Potsdam, Germany Eric Pottiaux Royal Observatory of Belgium Brussels, Belgium Rosa Pacione e-GEOS/Centro di Geodesia Spaziale-Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Matera, MT, Italy Guergana Guerova Physics Faculty, Department of Meteorology and Geophysics Sofia University “St.
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Advanced GNSS Tropospheric Products for Monitoring Severe Weather Events and Climate COST Action ES1206 Final Action Dissemination ReportĪdvanced GNSS Tropospheric Products for Monitoring Severe Weather Events and Climate